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Convoy SC 121
Convoy SC-121 was the 121st of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island to Liverpool.〔Hague 2000 p.133〕 The ships departed New York City 23 February 1943;〔Hague 2000 p.135〕 and were met by the Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group A-3 consisting of the USCG Treasury Class Cutter ''USCGC Spencer'', the Wickes class destroyer ''USS Greer'', the Flower class corvettes ''HMS Dianthus'', ''HMCS Rosthern'', ''HMCS Trillium'' and ''HMCS Dauphin'',〔Milner 1985 p.291〕 and the convoy rescue ship ''Melrose Abbey''.〔Rohwer & Hummelchen 1992 p.196〕 Three of the escorts had defective sonar and three had inoperative radar.〔Morison 1975 p.342〕
==Background==
As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the second happy time, Admiral Karl Dönitz, the ''Befehlshaber der U-Boote'' (''BdU'') or commander in chief of U-Boats, shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search for convoys with the advantage of intelligence gained through ''B-Dienst'' decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3.〔Tarrant p.108〕 However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943, lost ships to U-boat attack.〔Hague pp.132, 137-138,161-162,164&181〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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